Condenser.



A. DAY.

CONDENSER.

APPLlCATION HLED FEB. 3. mm.

1,1 34,51 3 a Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

WITNESSES:

2 a g S W- W ABRAHAM DAY, OF BLOOMFIELD,

NEXV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO ALFRED R. HOPKINS, OF MONTCLAIB,NEW JERSEY.

CONDENSER.

area-nae,

Specificationbf Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 6, 11915.;

Application filed February 3, 1914. Serial No. 816,205.

To all whom, it may] concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM DAY, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Bloomfield, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Condensers, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to condensers. v/Vhile the same is of special valuein the condensation ogaseous ammonia into liquid form in refrigeratingapparatus, ice-making plants and the like, it is generally applicable tocondensing matter from the gaseous into the liquid state. For the sakeof giving a clear description of my invention, however, 1 shall describeit as applied to a condenser for condensing ammonia gas into liquidainmonia. As the ammonia gas coming from the generator enters thecondenser in a gaseous form and emerges therefrom condensed into aliquid form, at intermediate stages in the condenser, it is part gas andpart liquid.

The rapidity with which the condensation is accomplished depends on thereadiness with which the heat from the gas is transferred to the coolingmedium outside the pipes of the condenser through which the gas isflowing. The transfer of heat from the gas to the walls of the pipes,and thence to the cooling medium, is relatively slow as compared to thetransfer of heat from gas to liquid with which it is brought intointimate contact, and thence through the pipes to the cooling medium.

coil involving my invention.

My invention has, among its objects, the provision of an apparatuswhereby the uncondensed gas inthe condenser is brought into intimatecontact with the liquid therein so as to facilitate the transfer of heatin the manner just referred to and to produce a condenser of improvedefficiency, and with the foregoing and related objects in view, myinvention consists in the parts, improvements and combinations hereinset forth and claimed.

l n the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a view,in side clevation, of one unit of a trombone condenser Fig. 2 is anenlarged detail of a portion thereof in central vertical cross-section,and Fig. 3 is a crosssection taken on the line 3-3 in Fig. 2. Thecondenser comprises an elongated heat conducting container, which mayconsist of a pipe coil, preferably of the trombone type, including thepipes l and the return bends 2. The gaseous ammonia is preferablyadmitted at the bottom thereof, an inlet valve for this purpose beingindicated at 3. Suitable means for cooling the pipes is provided. Aseries of perforated water pipes, as 4, arranged above the coils, may beused for this purpose and are shown for simplicity of illustration,though any means for exterior cooling may be resorted to, as will beunderstood.

Where the gaseous ammonia is admitted at the bottom of the coil, asuitable number of plain coils of the usual form are preferably providedat the bottom wherein the gas may part with its sensible and latent heatand liquefaction may be commenced in the ordinary manner. At such pointin the apparatus, as the liquefaction becomes appreciable, andpreferably at intervals thereafter, I provide means for securing anintimate contact between the uncondens'ed gas and the ammonia alreadycondensed into liquid form. In the construction shown the first of thepipes provided with such means is the fifth from the bottom, four pipesbeing left below it for the preliminary cooling and partial liquefactionof the gas, though the precise location may be varied to suit theconditions of the particular installation. In the form shown such meansfor mingling the uncondensed gas and the condensed liquid ammoniaconsists of pipes 5 of smaller diameter than the pipes 1 and arrangedpreferably concentrically, or nearly so, therein. Any means for securingthe pipes 5 in place within the pipes 1 may be resorted to. In the formshown I have illustrated interiorly and exteriorly threaded reducerrings 6 for this purpose which may be screwed within the pipes 1, andmay have the entrance end of the pipes 5 screwed therein, thus leadingall the material passing through the con-' denser into the pipes 5, butother forms of connection may be used, and while, in the form shown,such connection is made at the points where the pipes 1 meet the returnbends 2, the connecting means may be located at other points. he pipes 5or other gas and liquid mingling devices are so con structed' andarranged as that the matter entering the same can escape only at or nearthe lower sides thereof. To secure this re-' sult in the form shown,such pipes 5 are closed at their ends 7 and are provided with.

. but a small quantity a plurality of perforations 8, 8 in their lowersides. \Vith such arrangement the gaseous ammonia, in its passagethrough the condenser, is forced down into intimate contact with anyliquid therein which may have been formed by condensation orsuppliedfrom other sources, and is intimately mingled therewith in the form ofsmall bubbles so that its heat is rapidly transferred to the liquid andthence to the sur: rounding pipes and cooling medium, and theliquefaction of the gas is facilitated and the efliciency of theapparatus increased. I may provide any desired number of the pipes 5 orother gas and liquid mingling-devices. In the form shown two of thepipes 5 are illustrated, one in the fifth of the pipes 1 counting fromthe bottom of the trombone coil, and one in the eighth of such pipes,but the location and number thereof may be varied.

Means for drawing off the condensed liquid are provided at suitablepoints. As

of liquid need'be present in the pipes 1 to secure an intimate minglingof the gas therewith, part of the condensed ammonia may be. drawn offimmediately above each of the pipes 5 and I have therefore illustrateddraw-off cocks 9 and 10 in the return bends which are traversedimmediately after the contents of the condenser pass through the pipes5, 5, but the draw-off cocks need not be located at theprecisepointsshown, and may vary in number as well as location from theprecise showing made in the drawings. A draw-off cock 11 is provided fortaking ofi any uncondensable gases, and with a coil such as such cook 11is located in the uppermost of the pipes 1. The operation of theapparatushas' been sufficiently set forth in connection with thedescription thereof so that a further statement of operation is unnecessary.

While I have illustrated a specific form of apparatus, it is to beunderstood that the same is for purposes of illustration only, and thatdepartures may be made Within the scope of my claims without departingfrom my invention or sacrificing any of its advantages. 1

Having thus claim:

1. In a condenser, an elongated heat conducting container. means forexteriorly cooling the same, and means in-said container for directingthe uncondensed gas toward the bottom thereof to bring it into intimatecontact with any liquid present therein, substantially as set forth.

described my invention, I

2. In a condenser, an elongated heat con-- ducting container. means forexte'riorly cooling the same, and a plurality of means in said containerspaced apart from one an other for directing the uncondensed gas towardthe bottom thereof to bring it into intimate contact with any liquidpresent therein, substantially as set forth.

3. In a condenser, an elongated heat con ducting container comprisingone or more upwardly directed portions past which material passingthrough said container must rise, and means adjacent to said upwardlydirected portions for leading the uncondensedgas downward into contactwith any liquid-present therein, substantially as set forth.

4;. In a condenser, a pipe coil, cooling means therefor, and means atseparated places in said coil for leading uncondensed gas downwardly tothe neighborhood of the lower part of the tact with the condensed liquidtherein, substantially as set forth.

5. In a condenser, a pipe coil comprising return bends and intermediatepipe lengths placed one above another, and means in one or more of saidpipe lengths for leading the uncondensed gas downwardly to the neigh-'borhood of the lowest part of the pipe coil into intimate contact withthe condensed liquid) therein, substantially as set forth. 6. In acondenser, a trombone pipe coil, one or more pipes thereof having a pipeof smaller diameter therein and spaced away from the lower wall thereof,such inner pipe being open at its entrance end and being closed at theopposite end and being provided with a plurality of perforations on itslower side, substantially as set forth.

.7. In acondenser, a cooling pipe, a. pipe therein of reduced diameter,means for closing the space between the inner and outer pipes at theentry end of such inner pipe,

\ and said inner pipe being closed at its opposite end and beingprovided with perforations in its lower side to lead material passedtherethrough downward and close to the lower side of the outer pipe,substantially as set forth.

8. In a condenser, a trombone pipe coil, means in a portion of the pipecoil for leading uncondensed gas into intimate contact with liquidtherein, and a plurality of liquid bleeding means placed adjacent tosaid leading means, substantially as set forth.

9. In a condenser, a pipe coil rising in re turn bends' one aboveanother, cooling means, a valve for admitting ammonia gas to the coil atsubstantially the bottom thereof, a pipe of reduced diameter within thesaid coil through whichthe ammonia must pass and situated at a distancein said coil from the entry end thereof, said inner pi 0 being providedwith perforations in its niaaeis above another, and return bendsconnecting the same, cooling means, a valve for admitting ammonia gas atsubstantially the bottom thereof, pipe sections of reduced diameter incertain of said pipe coil sections and provided with perforations ontheir lower sides to conduct the gaseous ammonia into contact with theliquid ammonia, draw-off cocks placed adjacent to the inner pipesections, and a relief cock at the top of the coil for permitting theescape of uncondensable gas, substantially as set forth.

11. in a condenser, an elongated container, cooling means therefor,means for admitting gas thereto, means for drawing ed the condensedliquid, and means interposed in said container between the admission anddraw-off means for positively securing an intimate contact between thegas passing through said container and the liquid therein, substantiallyas set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing l have hereto set my hand this28th day of January, 1914;.

ABRAHAM DAY.

Witnesses "WM. H. CAMFIELD, M. A. JoHNsoN.

